The presentations at a conference deal with the tradition of science and technology in India that goes back to ancient times and the strides it has made over time and its future prospects. The papers discuss the integration of the rich cultural heritage of India and its scientific and technological achievements, showcasing the contributions of India in various fields of science and technology. The papers by experts cover general topics like scientific origins of Indian prehistory, India’s innovation policy for scientific and technological development and inclusive growth and science education in the country. They examine advancements and challenges in various areas such as the basic scientific disciplines, health sciences, engineering, agricultural science and behavioural sciences. They delve into some contemporary issues relating to use of biotechnology, potential role of stem cells and use of conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.