During the Mughal period, the cultural development (of India), amalgamated with the Turko-Iranian culture brought to the country by the Mughals. The Mughals built magnificent forts, palaces, gates, public buildings, mosques, baohs (water tank or well), etc. Besides, they also constructed formal gardens with running water. Use of running water even in the palaces and in the pleasure, resorts was a special feature of the Mughals. Babur was very fond of gardens and hence he constructed a few in the neighborhood of Agra and Lahore. Some of the Mughal gardens, such as the Nishat Bagh Garden (in Kashmir), the Shalimar Bagh (in Lahore), the Pinjore garden (in Chandigarh) etc. can be seen even today. The Mughals made a distinctive contribution in the field of painting. They introduced many new themes portraying the court, battle grounds, and the chase scenes. Besides, Mughal painters also introduced many new colors and new forms The Mughal painters had created a living tradition of painting, which continued to work in different parts of the country even after the disappearance of Mughal glory. This book explores varied subjects under the Mughal umbrella, challenge long-held ideas and draw comparisons between the artistic expressions and material culture of the powerful Islamicate triumvirate of the early modern period-the Safavids in Iran, the European-based Ottomans and the Mughals in the Indian subcontinent.