11 Adaptive Immune Response and Age-Related Difference.
Includes index.

Age-Specific Differences in the Severity of COVID-19 Between Children and Adults: Reality and Reasons --
1 Introduction --
2 Age-Related Effects of Different Infections --
3 Age Effects of COVID-19 Disease --
4 Clinical Features in Children --
5 The Different Etiology and Severity of COVID-19 Based on Age --
6 Underlying Conditions and Severity of COVID-19 in Children --
7 Outdoor Activities and the Potential to Contract the Virus --
8 Immune System and Age-Related Differences --
9 Innate Immune Cells and Age-Related Differences --
10 IFN and SARS-CoV in Children Intro --
Preface --
Contents --
Part I: Background --
1: Genetic Aspects and Immune Responses in Covid-19: Important Organ Involvement --
1 Introduction --
2 Epidemiology --
3 Main Coronavirus Groups --
4 Genome, Genotype, and Protein Structure --
5 Mechanism of Infection --
6 COVID-19 Pathogenesis --
7 Respiratory Manifestations --
8 Extra-pulmonary Presentations --
8.1 Gastrointestinal Manifestations --
8.2 Cardiovascular Complications --
8.3 Haematological Disorders --
9 Immune Responses --
10 Therapy --
10.1 Drugs that Slow Viral Replication or Kill SARS-Cov-2 10.2 Vaccination --
11 Conclusion --
References --
Part II: Epidemiology --
2: Prevalence of COVID-19 and the Continued Citizen-Based Control in Japan --
1 Introduction --
2 Cruise Ship Outbreak and the Environmental Assessment --
2.1 COVID-19 Outbreak on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship --
2.2 Age-Related CFR Estimated from the Cruise Ship Outbreak --
2.3 Environmental Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 on the Cruise Ship --
3 Government-Recommended and Voluntary Measures to Protect Against COVID-19 Infection in Japan --
4 Detection of the Coronavirus in Laboratories in Japan --
5 Conclusions 3.1 Theme I: Emotional-Sensational-Paradox --
Satisfaction-Dissatisfaction --
Positive Experiences-Negative Experiences --
Relaxation-Stress --
Support-Rejection --
3.2 Theme II: Spiritual Growth --
Accepting and Submitting to Divine Providence --
Rethinking Material Possessions --
Seeking Stronger Divine Connection --
Tendency to Spirituality --
3.3 Theme III: Experienced Mental-Psychological Effects --
Unpleasant Thoughts --
Perceived Mental Stress --
Positive Thoughts --
4 Discussion --
5 Conclusions --
References --
Part III: Risk Factors and Outcomes

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a serious global pandemic in just one year. Nearly every country and territory in the world has been affected by the virus. The virulence and infection rate of the virus are profound, and has required extreme social distancing measures across the globe in order to prevent overwhelming the healthcare services and hospitals. COVID-19 appears to have the greatest effects on elderly individuals and those who have co-morbid diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. As the cases and death rate remain high, there are justified fears of this virus remaining for several months or years to come. To address this, a rapid and unprecedented worldwide mobilization effort has begun to identify effective treatments and develop vaccines. As these begin to be deployed and administered across the globe, many now feel the virus will be brought under control and lives will eventually return to normal. This new volume will increase readers understanding of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic through a series of chapters that address these concerns. Leading experts will discuss new treatment approaches, vaccine development, mental health aspects of the pandemic, and convey the results of survey studies. The book will be an excellent resource for researchers studying virology, metabolic diseases, respiratory disorders, and clinical scientists, physicians, drug companies, and healthcare services and workers.