pt. I. Fundamentals of microbiology -- 1. The microbial world and you -- Microbes in our lives -- Naming and classifying microorganisms -- Brief history of microbiology -- Debate over spontaneous generation -- Modern chemotherapy -- Microbes and human welfare -- Recycling vital elements -- Sewage treatment : using microbes to recycle water -- Bioremediation : clean up pollutants -- Insect pest control by microorganisms -- Modern biotechnology and recombinant DNA technology -- Microbes and human disease -- Normal microbiota -- Biofilms -- Infectious diseases -- 2. Chemical principles -- Structure of atoms -- How atoms form molecules : chemical bonds -- Chemical reactions -- Important biological molecules -- Inorganic compounds -- Water -- Acids, bases, and salts -- Acid-base balance : the concept of pH -- Organic compounds -- Carbohydrates -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Nucleic acids -- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) -- 3. Observing microorganisms through a microscope -- Units of measurement -- Microscopy : the instruments -- Light microscopy -- Two-photon microscopy -- Scanning acoustic microscopy -- Electron microscopy -- Scanned-probe microscopy -- Preparation of specimens for light microscopy -- Stains -- 4. Functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -- Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -- The prokaryotic cell -- The size, shape, and arrangement of bacterial cells -- Structures external to the cell wall -- The cell wall -- Cell walls and the gram stain mechanism -- Structures internal to the cell wall -- The plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane -- Cytoplasm -- The nucleoid -- Ribosomes -- Inclusions -- Endospores -- Eukaryotic cell -- Flagella and cilia -- The cell wall and glycocalyx -- The plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane -- Cytoplasm -- Ribosomes -- Organelles -- The evolution of eukaryotes -- 5. Microbial metabolism -- Catabolic and anabolic reactions -- Enzymes -- Energy production -- Carbohydrate metabolism -- Lipid and protein catabolism -- Biochemical test and bacterial identification -- Photosynthesis -- Photophosphorylation -- Calvin-Benson cycle -- Summary of energy production mechanisms -- Metabolic diversity among organisms -- Metabolic pathways of energy use -- Biosynthesis -- Integration of metabolism -- 6. Microbial growth -- Requirements for growth -- Culture media -- Anaerobic growth media and methods -- Obtaining pure cultures -- Preserving bacterial cultures -- The growth of bacterial cultures -- 7. The control of microbial growth -- The terminology of microbial control -- The rate of microbial death -- Actions of microbial control agents -- Physical methods of microbial control -- Chemical methods of microbial control -- Microbial characteristics and microbial control -- 8. Microbial genetics -- Structure and function of the genetic material -- Genotype and phenotype -- DNA and chromosomes -- DNA replication -- RNA and protein synthesis -- The regulation of bacterial gene expression -- Mutation : change in the genetic material -- Genetic transfer and recombination -- Genes and evolution -- 9. Recombinant DNA and biotechnology -- Introduction to biotechnology -- Tools of biotechnology -- Techniques of genetic modification -- Applications of rDNA -- Safety issues and the ethics of using rDNA. pt. II. A survey of the microbial world -- 10. Classification of microorganism -- The study of phylogenetic relationships -- Classification of organisms -- Scientific nomenclature -- Taxonomic hierarchy -- Prokaryotes -- Eukaryotes -- Viruses -- Methods of classifying and identifying microorganisms -- Morphological characteristics -- Differential staining -- Biochemical tests -- Serology -- Phage typing -- Fatty acid profiles -- Flow cytometry -- DNA base composition -- DNA fingerprinting -- The polymerase chain reaction -- Nucleic acid hybridization -- 11. The prokaryotes : domains bacteria and archaea -- The prokaryotic groups -- Domain bacteria -- The proteobacteria -- The nonproteobacteria gram-negative bacteria -- The gram-positive bacteria -- Planctomycetes-- Chlamydiae -- Spirochaetes -- Bacteriodetes -- Fusobacteria -- Domain archaea -- Microbial diversity -- 12. Fungi, algae, protozoa, and multicellular parasites -- Fungi -- Fungal diseases -- Lichens -- Algae -- Roles of algae in nature -- Protozoa -- Slime molds -- Helminths -- Nematodes -- Arthropods as vectors -- 13. Viruses -- General characteristics of viruses -- Viral structure -- Taxonomy of viruses -- Isolation, cultivation, and identification of viruses -- Viral multiplication -- Viruses and cancer -- DNA oncogenic viruses -- RNA oncogenic viruses -- Latent viral infections -- Persistent viral infections -- Prions -- Plant viruses and viroids. pt. III. Interaction between microbe and host -- 14. Principles of disease and epidemiology -- Pathology, infection, and disease -- Normal microbiota -- The etiology of infectious diseases -- Classifying infectious diseases -- Patterns of disease -- The spread of infection -- Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections -- Emerging infectious diseases -- Epidemiology -- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- 15. Microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity -- How microorganisms enter a host -- How bacterial pathogens penetrate host defenses -- How bacterial pathogens damage host cells -- Pathogenic properties of viruses -- Pathogenic properties of fungi, protozoa, helminths, and algae -- Portals of exit -- 16. Innate immunity : nonspecific defenses of the host -- The concept of immunity -- First line of defense : skin and mucous membranes -- Normal microbiota and innate immunity -- Second line of defense -- Formed elements in blood -- The lymphatic system -- Phagocytes -- Inflammation -- Fever -- Antimicrobial substances -- 17. Adaptive immunity : specific defenses of the host -- The adaptive immune system -- dual nature of the adaptive immune system -- Antigens and antibodies -- B cells and humoral immunity -- Antigen-antibody binding and its results -- T cells and cellular immunity -- Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) -- Extracellular killing by the immune system -- Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity -- Cytokines : chemical messengers of immune cells -- Immunological memory -- Types of adaptive immunity -- 18. Practical applications of immunology -- Vaccines -- Diagnostic immunology -- 19. Disorders associated with the immune system -- Hypersensitivity -- Autoimmune diseases -- Reactions related to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex -- Reactions to transplantation -- Immunosuppression -- The immune system and cancer -- Immunodeficiencies -- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) -- 20. Antimicrobial drugs -- The history of chemotherapy -- The spectrum of antimicrobial activity -- The action of antimicrobial drugs -- Survey of commonly used antimicrobial drugs -- Tests to guide chemotherapy -- Resistance to antimicrobial drugs -- Antibiotic safety -- Effects of combinations of drugs -- The future of chemotherapeutic agents -- Antimicrobial peptides -- Antisense agents. pt. IV. Microorganisms and human disease -- 21. Microbial diseases of the skin and eyes -- Structure and function of the skin -- Normal microbiota of the skin -- Microbial diseases of the skin -- Microbial diseases of the eye -- Conjunctivitis -- 22. Microbial diseases of the nervous system -- Structure and function of the nervous system -- Bacterial disease of the nervous system -- Bacterial meningitis -- Tetanus -- Botulism -- Leprosy -- Viral disease of the nervous system -- Poliomyelitis -- Rabies -- Arboviral encephalitis -- Fungal disease of the nervous system -- Cryptococcosis -- Protozoan diseases of the nervous system -- African trypanosomiasis -- Amebic meningoencephalitis -- Nervous system diseases caused by prions -- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Disease caused by unidentified agents -- Chronic fatigue syndrome -- 23.

Microbial diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems -- Structure and function of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems -- Bacterial diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems -- Sepsis and septic shock -- Bacterial infections of the heart -- Rheumatic fever -- Tularemia -- Brucellosis (undulant fever) -- Anthrax -- Gangrene -- Systemic disease caused by bites and scratches -- Vector-transmitted diseases -- Viral diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems -- Burkitt's lymphoma -- Infectious mononucleosis -- Epstein-Barr virus -- Cytomegalovirus infections -- Chikungunya fever -- Viral hemorrhagic fevers -- Protozoan diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems -- Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) -- Toxoplasmosis -- Malaria -- Leishmaniasis -- Babesiosis -- Helminthic diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems -- Schistosomiasis -- Swimmer's itch -- 24. Microbial diseases of the respiratory system -- Structure and function of the respiratory system -- Normal microbiota of the respiratory system -- Microbial diseases of the upper respiratory system -- Bacterial diseases of the upper respiratory system -- Strep throat -- Scarlet fever -- Diphtheria -- Otitis media -- Viral diseases of the upper respiratory system -- The common cold -- Microbial diseases of the lower respiratory system -- Pertussis (whooping cough) -- Tuberculosis -- Bacterial pneumonias -- Meliodosis -- Viral diseases of the lower respiratory system -- Viral pneumonia -- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) -- Flu -- Fungal diseases of the lower respiratory system -- Histoplasmosis -- Coccidiomycosis -- Pneumocystis pneumonia -- Blastomycosis -- 25. Microbial diseases of the digestive system -- Structure and function of the digestive system -- Normal microbiota of the digestive system -- Bacterial diseases of the mouth -- Caries -- Periodontal disease -- Bacterial diseases of the lower digestive system -- Food poisoning (enterotoxicosis) -- Bacillary dysentery -- Salmonella gastroenteritis -- Typhoid fever -- Cholera -- Gastroenteritis -- Helicobacter peptic ulcer disease -- Viral diseases of the digestive system -- Mumps -- Hepatitis -- Viral gastroenteritis -- Fungal diseases of the digestive system -- Ergot poisoning -- Aflatoxin poisoning -- Protozoan diseases of the digestive system -- giardiasis -- Cryptosporidiosis -- Diarrheal infection -- Amoebic dysentery -- Helminthic diseases of the digestive system -- Tapeworms -- Hydatid disease -- Nematodes -- 26. Microbial diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems -- Structure and function of the urinary system -- Structure and function of the reproductive systems -- Normal microbiota of the urinary and reproductive systems -- Bacterial diseases of the urinary system -- Cystitis -- Pyelonephritis -- Leptospirosis -- Bacterial diseases of the reproductive systems -- Gonorrhea -- Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) -- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) -- Syphilis -- Lymphogranuloma venereum -- Chancroid -- Bacterial vaginosis -- Viral diseases of the reproductive system -- Genital herpes -- Genital warts -- AIDS -- Fungal disease of the reproductive system -- Candidiasis -- Protozoan disease of the reproductive systems -- Trichomoniasis -- The TORCH panel of tests. pt. V. Environmental and applied microbiology -- 27. Environmental microbiology -- Microbial diversity and habitats -- Symbiosis -- Soil microbiology and biogeochemical cycles -- Carbon cycle -- Nitrogen cycle -- Sulfur cycle -- Life without sunshine -- Phosphorus cycle -- Degradation of synthetic chemicals in soils and water -- Aquatic microbiology and sewage treatment -- Aquatic microorganisms -- Role of microorganisms in water quality -- Water treatment -- Sewage (wastewater) treatment -- 28. Applied and industrial microbiology -- Food microbiology -- Foods and disease -- Industrial food canning -- Aseptic packaging -- Radiation and industrial food preservation -- High-pressure food preservation -- Role of microorganisms in food production -- Industrial microbiology -- Fermentation technology -- Industrial products -- Alternative energy sources using microorganisms -- Biofuels -- Industrial microbiology and the future -- Appendix A. Metabolic pathways -- Appendix B. Exponents, exponential notation, logarithms, and generation time -- Appendix C. Methods for taking clinical samples -- Appendix D. Pronunciation of scientific names -- Appendix E. Word roots used in microbiology -- Appendix F. Classification of bacteria according to Bergey's Manual -- Glossary.