Cover Title page Contents Preface Chapter 1. Drug Discovery and Development 1.1 Introduction 1.2 How are the New Drugs Discovered? 1.3 Requirements for an Investigational Drug to be Tested in Human Volunteers 1.4 How are the Investigational Drugs Tested in Humans? 1.5 How Does Testing Continue after a New Drug is Approved? 1.6 Procedures Followed in Drug Design Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 2. Principles of Drug Action 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Functional Group Review 2.3 Stereochemistry 2.4 Acid-Base Chemistry 2.5 Biologically Significant Nitrogen-Containing Compounds 2.6 Physicochemical Properties and Drug Action 2.7 Bioisosteric Replacement 2.8 Drug-Receptor Bonding 2.9 G Protein-Coupled Receptors Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 3. Drug Metabolism and Prodrugs 3.1 Drug Metabolism 3.2 Prodrugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 4. Computer-aided Drug Design 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Cadd Methodology 4.3 Small Molecule-Based Drug Design 4.4 Macromolecule-Based Drug Design 4.5 Substituent Constants Useful for Qsar Analysis Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 5. General Anaesthetics 5.1 Introduction—Anaesthesia and its Stages 5.2 Mechanism of Action 5.3 Classification 5.4 Inhalation Anaesthetics (Synthesis, Uses, and Dose) 5.5 Intravenous Anaesthetics (Synthesis, Uses, and Dose) 5.6 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 6. Local Anaesthetics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Ideal Properties of Local Anaesthetics 6.3 Mechanism of Action 6.4 Clinical Uses of Local Anaesthetics 6.5 Classification of Local Anaesthetics 6.6 Structures, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship (Sar) of Benzoic Acid Derivatives 6.7 Structures, Synthesis, and Sar of P-Aminobenzoic Acid Derivatives 6.8 Structures, Synthesis, and Sar of Anilides 6.9 Miscellaneous 6.10 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 7. Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytic Agents 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Classification of Sedative and Hypnotics 7.3 Barbiturates 7.4 Benzodiazepines 7.5 Benzodiazepine Antagonists 7.6 Miscellaneous 7.7 Anxiolytic Agents 7.8 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 8. Anti-Epileptic Drugs 8.1 Introduction: Epilepsy and Types of Seizures 8.2 Classification 8.3 Structural Requirements for Anticonvulsant Agents and Their Structure-Activity Relationship 8.4 Hydantoins 8.5 Oxazolidinediones 8.6 Succinimides 8.7 Benzodiazepines 8.8 Gaba Analogues 8.9 Miscellaneous 8.10 Newer Anticonvulsants Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 9. Antipsychotic Agents 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Typical or Classical Antipsychotic Agents: Synthesis, Mechanism of Action, and Sar 9.3 Atypical Antipsychotic Agents 9.4 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 10. Antidepressants 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Classification 10.3 Mechanism of Action 10.4 Side-Effects of Classical Antidepressants 10.5 Monoamino Oxidase (Mao) Inhibitors 10.6 Tricyclic Antidepressants 10.7 Atypical Antidepressants 10.8 Miscellaneous Drugs 10.9 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 11. Narcotic Analgesics 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Mechanism of Action 11.3 Pharmacophore Requirement 11.4 Clinical Uses 11.5 Classification 11.6 Morphine and its Derivatives 11.7 Phenyl (Ethyl) Piperidines 11.8 Diphenyl Heptanones 11.9 Benzazocin (Benzomorphan) Derivatives 11.10 Narcotic Antagonists 11.11 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 12. Antipyretics and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Classification 12.3 Biosynthesis of Eicosanoids 12.4 Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Action 12.5 Side-Effects 12.6 Salicylic Acid Derivatives 12.7 P-Aminophenol Derivatives 12.8 Pyrazolidinedione Derivatives 12.9 Anthranilic Acid Derivatives (Fenamates) 12.10 Aryl Alkanoic Acid Derivatives 12.11 Oxicams 12.12 SAR (Structure Activity Relationship of Oxicams) 12.13 Miscellaneous Drugs 12.14 Anti-Gout Drugs 12.15 Selective Cox-2 Inhibitors 12.16 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 13. Miscellaneous CNS Agents 13.1 Anti-Parkinsonism Agents 13.2 Muscle Relaxants 13.3 Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment 13.4 CNS Stimulants 13.5 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 14. Antihistamines and Anti-Ulcer Agents 14.1 Introduction 14.2 H1 Receptor Antagonist 14.3 H2 Receptor Antagonist 14.4 Histamine H3 Receptors 14.5 Histamine H4 Receptors 14.6 Proton Pump Inhibitors 14.7 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 15. Diuretics 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Uses 15.3 Classification 15.4 Osmotic Diuretics 15.5 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 15.6 Thiazide Diuretics 15.7 Potassium-Sparing Diuretics 15.8 Loop Diuretics 15.9 Miscellaneous Drugs 15.10 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 16. Antihypertensive Agents 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Classification 16.3 Peripheral Anti-Adrenergic Drugs 16.4 Centrally Acting Antihypertensive Drugs 16.5 Direct Vasodilators 16.6 Ganglionic Blocking Agents 16.7 β-Adrenergic Blockers 16.8 Calcium Channel Blockers 16.9 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (Ace) Inhibitors 16.10 Angiotensin II Antagonists (At2 Antagonists) 16.11 Miscellaneous Drugs 16.12 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 17. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Classification 17.3 Class II Agents 17.4 Class III Agents Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 18. Antihyperlipidemic Agents 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Classification 18.3 Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) 18.4 Aryloxyisobutyric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates) 18.5 Miscellaneous Drugs 18.6 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 19.

Antianginal Drugs 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Classification 19.3 Nitrates/Nitrites 19.4 β-Adrenergic Blockers 19.5 Calcium Channel Blockers 19.6 Miscellaneous Drugs 19.7 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 20. Insulin and Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulin 20.3 Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents Classification 20.4 Strategy For Controlling Hyperglycaemia 20.5 Sulphonyl Ureas 20.6 Biguanides 20.7 Substituted Benzoic Acid Derivatives (Meglitinides) 20.8 Thiazolidinediones 20.9 Miscellaneous Drugs 20.10 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 21. Oral Anticoagulants 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Classification 21.3 Coumarin Derivatives 21.4 Indanedione Derivatives 21.5 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 22. Adrenergic Drugs 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Sympathomimetic Drugs 22.3 Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Blocking Agents (Sympatholytics) 22.4 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 23. Cholinergic Drugs 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Cholinomimetics 23.3 Anticholinesterases 23.4 Cholinergic Blocking Agents (Antimuscarinic Drugs) 23.5 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 24. Sulphonamides, Sulphones, and Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors 24.1 Sulphonamides 24.2 Sulphones 24.3 Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) Inhibitors 24.4 Newer Drug Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 25. Quinolone Antibacterials 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Structures of Fluoroquinolones 25.3 Mechanism of Action 25.4 Uses 25.5 Classification 25.6 SAR of Quinolones 25.7 Adverse Effects 25.8 Synthesis of Fluoroquinolones 25.9 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 26. Antibiotics 26.1 β-Lactam Antibiotics 26.2 Tetracycline Antibiotics 26.3 Macrolide Antibiotics 26.4 Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 26.5 Miscellaneous Antibiotics 26.6 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 27. Antitubercular Agents 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Mechanisms of Action Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 28. Antifungal Agents 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Classification 28.3 Antifungal Antibiotics 28.4 Azole Antifungals 28.5 Pyrimidine Derivatives 28.6 Miscellaneous Agents 28.7 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 29. Antiviral Agents 29.1 Anti-HIV Agents 29.2 Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Agents 29.3 Miscellaneous Agents 29.4 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 30. Antiprotozoal Agents 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Antiamoebic Agents 30.3 Antimalarial Agents 30.4 Anthelmintics 30.5 Miscellaneous Antiprotozoal Drugs 30.6 Newer Drug Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 31. Anticancer Agents 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Limitations of Therapy 31.3 Classification 31.4 Alkylating Agents 31.5 Antimetabolites 31.6 Anticancer Antibiotics 31.7 Miscellaneous Drugs 31.8 Anticancer Plant Products 31.9 Hormones and their Antagonists 31.10 Miscellaneous Drugs 31.11 Newer Drugs Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 32. Prostaglandins 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Functions of Prostaglandins 32.3 Biosynthesis of Prostaglandins 32.4 Nomenclature 32.5 Structures of Therapeutically useful Prostaglandins 32.6 Sar of Prostaglandins Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 33. Steroids 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones 33.3 Overall Mechanism of Action of Steroid Hormones 33.4 Oestrogens 33.5 Progestins 33.6 Androgens 33.7 Glucocorticoids Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 34. Miscellaneous Agents 34.1 Anti-Obesity Drugs 34.2 Pde-5 Inhibitors for Male Erectile Dysfunction (Ed) 34.3 Anti-Migraine Drugs 34.4 Anti-Asthmatics 34.5 Thyroid and Anti-Thyroid Drugs 34.6 Anti-Platelet Drugs (Antithrombotics) 34.7 Immunopharmacological Drugs 34.8 Anti-Cough and Expectorants 34.9 Diagnostic Agents 34.10 Antiseptics and Disinfectants 34.11 Some Important Antiseptics and Disinfectants 34.12 Pharmaceutical Aid 34.13 Vitamins Further Readings Multiple Choice Questions Questions Solution to Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 35. Nomenclature of Medicinal Compounds 35.1 Introduction 35.2 General Rules 35.3 Heterocyclic Compounds 35.4 Examples Further Readings Questions Color Plate Section Copyright Back Cover