12 Plant Cell Cultures: Production of Biologically Important Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants of Taiwan / Mulabagal Vanisree and Hsin-Sheng Tsay -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Cell Culture Protocols for Biologically Important Secondary Metabolites -- 12.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 13 Exploring and Accessing Plant Natural Product Biosynthesis in Engineered Microbial Hosts / Erin K. Marasco and Claudia Schmidt-Dannert -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Heterologous Expression of Plant Natural Product Genes and Pathways -- 13.3 Alkaloids -- 13.4 Isoprenoids -- 13.5 Flavonoids -- 13.6 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Production of Therapeutic Antibodies in Plants / Richard M. Twyman, Stefan Schillberg, and Rainer Fischer -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The Evolution of Recombinant Antibody Technology -- 14.3 Production of Recombinant Antibodies in Plants -- 14.4 Current Objectives in the Field -- 14.5 Plant-Derived Antibodies in Clinical Trials -- 14.6 Regulatory Considerations -- 14.7 Summary -- References. 15 Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins in Plants / Gilbert Gorr and Friedrich Altmann -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 A Word on Names -- 15.3 General Aspects of Glycosylation -- 15.4 Why Antibodies? -- 15.5 "Humanization" of N-Glycans in Plants -- 15.6 Trust is Good, Control is Better: A Structural Analysis -- 15.7 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 16 Frontiers in Transgenic Medicinal Plants Research / Ya'akov Tadmor and Efraim Lewinsohn -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Sources of Key Genes that Affect the Biosynthesis of Plant Natural Products -- 16.3 Genomic Approaches Applied to Medicinal Plants Research -- 16.4 Generation of Transgenic Medicinal Plants -- 16.5 Metabolically Engineered Medicinal Plants -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part 3 Plants as Drug Factories -- 17 Intellectual Property Protection of Plant Biotechnology / Konrad Sechley and Clare Salisbury -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Protection of Plant Biotechnology in Europe -- 17.3 North America -- 17.4 Conclusion -- References. 18 Breeding of Medicinal Plants / Friedrich Pank -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Demands on MAP Cultivars -- 18.3 Specifics of MAP Breeding -- 18.4 Genetic Resources -- 18.5 Breeding Methods -- 18.6 Improvement of Selection Response by Specific Techniques -- 18.7 Outlook -- References -- 19 Camptothecin Production in Cell Cultures of Ophiorrhiza Species / Takashi Asano [and others] -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Tissue Cultures -- 19.3 Camptothecin Biosynthesis Studies with O. pumila Hairy Root -- 19.4 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 20 Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Flavor Compounds and Essential Oils / Dinesh A. Nagegowda and Natalia Dudareva -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Biosynthesis of Flavors/Essential Oils -- 20.3 Regulation of Essential Oil Accumulation -- 20.4 Practical Applications -- 20.5 Metabolic Engineering -- 20.6 Conclusions. Acknowledgments -- References. 21 Ginkgo biloba and Production of Secondary Metabolites / Christine Sohier and Didier Courtois -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Ginkgolides and Bilobalide -- 21.3 Biosynthesis of Flavonoids -- 21.4 Selection of Plants for Terpene Content and Propagation -- 21.5 Tissue cultures -- 21.6 Genetic Transformation and Organ Cultures -- 21.7 Conclusions -- References -- 22 Production of Paclitaxel in Plant Cell Cultures / Homare Tabata -- Abstract -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Plant Cell Culture Technology for Paclitaxel Production -- 22.3 Paclitaxel Biosynthetic Pathway and Related Genes -- 22.4 Genetic Modification of Taxus Cells -- 22.5 Future Technology for the Production of Useful Compounds -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 23 Biological Production of Artemisinin for Malaria Therapy / Yan Zhao and Chunzhao Liu -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin -- 23.3 The Biological Production of Artemisinin -- 23.4 Outlook -- References -- Subject Index.