What Is Statistics? -- Introduction -- Why Study Statistics? -- What Is Meant by Statistics? -- Types of Statistics -- Descriptive Statistics -- Inferential Statistics -- Types of Variables -- Levels of Measurement -- Nominal-Level Data -- Ordinal-Level Data -- Interval-Level Data -- Ratio-Level Data -- Exercises -- Statistics, Graphics, and Ethics -- Misleading Statistics -- Association Does Not Necessarily Imply Causation -- Graphs Can Be Misleading -- Become a Better Consumer and a Better Producer of Information -- Ethics -- Software Applications -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Answers to Self-Review -- Describing Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation -- Introduction -- Constructing a Frequency Distribution -- ClassIntervals and Class Midpoints -- A Software Example -- Relative Frequency Distribution -- Exercises -- Graphic Presentation of a Frequency Distribution -- Histogram -- Frequency Polygon -- Exercises -- Cumulative Frequency Distributions -- Exercises -- Other Graphic Presentations of Data -- Line Graphs -- Bar Charts -- Pie Charts -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Describing Data: Numerical Measures -- Introduction -- The Population Mean -- The Sample Mean -- Properties of the Arithmetic Mean -- Exercises -- The Weighted Mean -- Exercises -- The Median -- The Mode -- Exercises -- Software Solution -- The Relative Positions of the Mean, Median, and Mode -- Exercises -- The Geometric Mean -- Exercises -- Why Study Dispersion? -- Measures of Dispersion -- Range -- Mean Deviation -- Exercises -- Variance and Standard Deviation -- Exercises -- Software Solution -- Exercises -- Interpretation and Uses of the Standard Deviation -- Chebyshev's Theorem -- The Empirical Rule -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data -- Introduction -- Dot Plots -- Exercises -- Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles -- Exercises -- Box Plots -- Exercises -- Skewness -- Exercises -- Describing the Relationship between Two Variables -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- A Survey of Probability Concepts -- Introduction -- What Is a Probability? -- Approaches to Assigning Probabilities -- Classical Probability -- Empirical Probability -- Subjective Probability -- Exercises -- Some Rules for Computing Probabilities -- Rules of Addition -- Exercises -- Rules of Multiplication -- Contingency Tables -- Tree Diagrams -- Exercises -- Principles of Counting -- The Multiplication Formula -- The Permutation Formula -- The Combination Formula -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Discrete Probability Distributions -- Introduction -- What Is a Probability Distribution? -- Random Variables -- Discrete Random Variable -- Continuous Random Variable -- The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution -- Mean -- Variance and Standard Distribution -- Exercises -- Binomial Probability Distribution -- How Is a Binomial Probability Distribution Computed -- Binomial Probability Tables -- Exercises -- Cumulative Binomial Probability Distributions -- Exercises -- Poisson Probability Distribution -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Continuous Probability Distributions -- Introduction -- The Family of Uniform Distributions -- Exercises -- The Family of Normal Probability Distributions -- The Standard Normal Distribution -- The Empirical Rule -- Exercises -- Finding Areas under the Normal Curve -- Exercises -- Exercises -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem -- Introduction -- Sampling Methods -- Reasons to Sample -- Simple Random Sampling -- Systematic Random Sampling -- Stratified Random Sampling -- Cluster Sampling -- Exercises -- Sampling "Error" -- Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean -- Exercises -- The Central Limit Theorem -- Exercises -- Using the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Estimation and Confidence Intervals -- Introduction -- Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals -- Known (sigma) or a Large Sample -- A Computer Simulation -- Exercises -- Unknown Population Standard Deviation and a Small Sample -- Exercises -- A Confidence Interval for a Proportion -- Exercises -- Finite-Population Correction Factor -- Exercises -- Choosing an Appropriate Sample Size -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline. Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis -- Introduction -- What Is a Hypothesis? -- What Is Hypothesis Testing? -- Five-Step Procedure for Testing a Hypothesis -- State the Null Hypothesis (H(subscript -- Select a Level of Significance -- Select the Test Statistic -- Formulate the Decision Rule -- Make a Decision -- One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests of Significance -- Testing for a Population Mean with a Known Population Standard Deviation -- A Two-Tailed Test -- A One-Tailed Test -- P-Value in Hypothesis Testing -- Testing for a Population Mean: Large Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown -- Exercises -- Tests Concerning Proportions -- Exercises -- Testing for a Population Mean: Small Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown -- Exercises -- A Software Solution -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis -- Introduction -- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Independent Samples -- Exercises -- Two-Sample Tests about Proportions -- Exercises -- Comparing Population Means with Small Samples -- Exercises -- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Dependent Samples -- Comparing Dependent and Independent Samples -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Analysis of Variance -- Introduction -- The F Distribution -- Comparing Two Population Variances -- Exercises -- ANOVA Assumptions -- The ANOVA Test -- Exercises -- Inferences about Pairs of Treatment Means -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Linear Regression and Correlation -- Introduction -- What Is Correlation Analysis? -- The Coefficient of Correlation -- The Coefficient of Determination -- Correlation and Cause -- Exercises -- Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient -- Exercises -- Regression Analysis -- Least Squares Principle -- Drawing the Line of Regression -- Exercises -- The Standard Error of Estimate -- Assumptions Underlying Linear Regression -- Exercises -- Confidence and Prediction Intervals -- Exercises -- More on the Coefficient of Determination -- Exercises -- The Relationships among the Coefficient of Correlation, the Coefficient of Determination, and the Standard Error of Estimate -- Transforming Data -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis -- Introduction -- Multiple Regression Analysis -- Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression -- Exercises -- Multiple Standard Error of Estimate -- Assumptions about Multiple Regression and Correlation -- The ANOVA Table -- Exercises -- Evaluating the Regression Equation -- Using a Scatter Diagram -- Correlation Matrix -- Global Test: Testing the Multiple Regression Model -- Evaluating Individual Regression Coefficients -- Qualitative Independent Variables -- Exercises -- Analysis of Residuals -- Chapter

Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Chi-Square Applications -- Introduction -- Goodness-of-Fit Test: Equal Expected Frequencies -- Exercises -- Goodness-of-Fit Test: Unequal Expected Frequencies -- Limitations of Chi-Square -- Exercises -- Contingency Table Analysis -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- CD ChaptersStatistical Quality ControlTime Series and ForecastingAppendixesTablesBinomial Probability Distribution -- Critical Values of Chi-Square -- Poisson Distribution -- Areas under the Normal Curve -- Table of Random Numbers -- Student's t Distribution -- Critical Values of the F Distribution -- Wilcoxon T Values -- Factors for Control Charts -- DatasetsReal Estate -- Major League Baseball -- Wages and Wage Earners -- CIA International Economic and Demographic Data -- Whitner Autoplex -- Getting Started with Megastat -- Visual Statistics -- Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises -- Photo Credits -- Index.